Dataset Linting Tutorial#

Problem Statement#

Exploratory data analysis (EDA) can be overwhelming. There are so many things to check. Duplicates in your dataset, bad/corrupted images in the set, blurred or bright/dark images, the list goes on.

DataEval created a Linting class to assist you with your EDA so you can start training your models on high quality data.

When to use#

The Linting class should be used during the initial EDA process or if you are trying to verify that you have the right data in your dataset.

What you will need#

A dataset to analyze
A python environment with the following packages installed:
- dataeval[torch] or dataeval[all]
- torchvision

Getting Started#

Let’s import the required libraries needed to set up a minimal working example

import numpy as np
import torch
import torchvision.datasets as datasets
import torchvision.transforms.v2 as v2

from dataeval.detectors.linters import Outliers

Loading in the data#

We are going to start by loading in torchvision’s CIFAR-10 dataset.

The CIFAR-10 dataset contains 60,000 images - 50,000 in the train set and 10,000 in the test set. For the purposes of this demonstration, we are just going to use the test set.

# Load in the cifar-10 dataset from torchvision
to_tensor = v2.Compose([v2.ToImage(), v2.ToDtype(torch.float32, scale=True)])
testing_dataset = datasets.CIFAR10("./data", train=False, download=True, transform=to_tensor)
test_data = np.array(testing_dataset.data, dtype=float)

Files already downloaded and verified

Linting the Dataset#

Now we can begin finding those images which are significantly different from the rest of the data.

# Initialize the Duplicates class
outliers = Outliers()

# Evaluate the data
results = outliers.evaluate(test_data)

The results are a dictionary with the keys being the image that has an issue in one of the listed properties below:

Brightness
Blurriness
Missing
Zero
Width
Height
Size
Aspect Ratio
Channels
Depth

print(f"Total number of images with an issue: {len(results.issues)}")

Total number of images with an issue: 892

# Show each image that has at least one issue
for image, issue in results.issues.items():
    print(f"{image} - {issue}")

- {'zeros': 0.61}
- {'darkness': 0.94, 'zeros': 1.33}
- {'contrast': 4.81}
- {'contrast': 4.5, 'zeros': 6.69}
- {'blurriness': 95.75}
- {'contrast': 4.13, 'zeros': 0.53}
- {'blurriness': 112.38}
- {'contrast': 4.89, 'zeros': 3.29}
- {'blurriness': 93.06}
- {'contrast': 4.45, 'zeros': 1.45}
- {'blurriness': 91.88}
- {'zeros': 0.84}
- {'blurriness': 103.75}
- {'contrast': 6.38, 'zeros': 5.89}
- {'blurriness': 114.44}
- {'zeros': 1.0}
- {'blurriness': 91.44}
- {'blurriness': 107.44}
- {'contrast': 4.0}
- {'blurriness': 90.56}
- {'darkness': 0.77}
- {'zeros': 3.42}
- {'darkness': 0.76}
- {'darkness': 0.89}
- {'blurriness': 111.0}
- {'contrast': 5.47}
- {'darkness': 0.75}
- {'contrast': 4.64}
- {'zeros': 1.29}
- {'blurriness': 93.12}
- {'zeros': 1.23}
- {'zeros': 0.69}
- {'darkness': 0.83}
- {'contrast': 4.8, 'zeros': 0.7}
- {'zeros': 0.44}
- {'blurriness': 103.31}
- {'blurriness': 110.56}
- {'darkness': 0.91}
- {'darkness': 0.95}
- {'blurriness': 115.0}
- {'blurriness': 107.75}
- {'blurriness': 100.12}
- {'zeros': 0.44}
- {'zeros': 1.86}
- {'contrast': 4.68}
- {'contrast': 4.52}
- {'blurriness': 92.5}
- {'blurriness': 104.12}
- {'darkness': 0.82}
- {'darkness': 0.74}
- {'blurriness': 91.62}
- {'contrast': 4.02, 'zeros': 0.82}
- {'blurriness': 96.62}
- {'zeros': 0.58}
- {'zeros': 5.31}
- {'darkness': 0.78}
- {'zeros': 0.52}
- {'blurriness': 94.81}
- {'blurriness': 92.0}
- {'contrast': 3.84}
- {'contrast': 4.05}
- {'zeros': 1.17}
- {'contrast': 4.17}
- {'darkness': 0.78}
- {'zeros': 0.53}
- {'blurriness': 113.0}
- {'blurriness': 90.56}
- {'blurriness': 106.25}
- {'blurriness': 110.56}
- {'blurriness': 107.25}
- {'blurriness': 107.75}
- {'contrast': 7.59, 'zeros': 4.89}
- {'zeros': 3.01}
- {'blurriness': 114.12}
- {'contrast': 5.0}
- {'zeros': 0.48}
- {'contrast': 3.96, 'zeros': 11.01}
- {'darkness': 0.78}
- {'blurriness': 109.25}
- {'contrast': 4.2, 'zeros': 0.57}
- {'contrast': 4.73}
- {'zeros': 0.99}
- {'contrast': 4.17}
- {'zeros': 1.23}
- {'blurriness': 100.88}
- {'darkness': 0.76}
- {'contrast': 3.86}
- {'blurriness': 99.44}
- {'zeros': 0.5}
- {'blurriness': 103.19}
- {'contrast': 4.38, 'zeros': 0.98}
- {'contrast': 3.79}
- {'darkness': 0.99}
- {'zeros': 4.05}
- {'blurriness': 100.69}
- {'blurriness': 92.0}
- {'zeros': 1.57}
- {'contrast': 4.05}
- {'zeros': 0.66}
- {'contrast': 4.81, 'zeros': 3.92}
- {'darkness': 0.82}
- {'blurriness': 95.62}
- {'contrast': 3.81}
- {'contrast': 5.61, 'zeros': 0.57}
- {'blurriness': 96.06}
- {'blurriness': 119.81}
- {'blurriness': 103.69, 'zeros': 0.89}
- {'darkness': 0.93}
- {'zeros': 0.82}
- {'darkness': 0.76}
- {'contrast': 4.34}
- {'zeros': 0.56}
- {'blurriness': 104.5}
- {'blurriness': 92.38}
- {'blurriness': 98.38}
- {'blurriness': 111.69, 'zeros': 0.94}
- {'zeros': 0.48}
- {'blurriness': 101.62}
- {'blurriness': 102.19}
- {'blurriness': 106.56}
- {'blurriness': 111.88}
- {'zeros': 0.78}
- {'blurriness': 103.31}
- {'blurriness': 98.19}
- {'contrast': 3.73}
- {'darkness': 0.83}
- {'zeros': 0.74}
- {'zeros': 2.96}
- {'blurriness': 98.44}
- {'darkness': 0.84}
- {'blurriness': 111.88}
- {'darkness': 0.94}
- {'zeros': 0.49}
- {'contrast': 4.03}
- {'contrast': 4.73}
- {'zeros': 0.5}
- {'darkness': 0.93}
- {'zeros': 0.51}
- {'zeros': 1.69}
- {'zeros': 0.53}
- {'zeros': 0.57}
- {'blurriness': 105.12}
- {'blurriness': 93.19}
- {'darkness': 0.76}
- {'contrast': 4.18}
- {'zeros': 0.82}
- {'zeros': 0.43}
- {'blurriness': 92.38}
- {'contrast': 3.75, 'zeros': 1.0}
- {'contrast': 3.85, 'zeros': 1.51}
- {'zeros': 0.5}
- {'blurriness': 93.56}
- {'contrast': 4.02}
- {'blurriness': 104.38, 'zeros': 0.57}
- {'zeros': 2.9}
- {'blurriness': 96.88}
- {'blurriness': 106.62}
- {'zeros': 1.83}
- {'blurriness': 105.19, 'zeros': 1.1}
- {'blurriness': 106.12}
- {'zeros': 0.95}
- {'contrast': 4.28}
- {'zeros': 9.6}
- {'darkness': 0.74}
- {'blurriness': 105.94}
- {'contrast': 4.73}
- {'contrast': 3.88}
- {'blurriness': 102.06}
- {'zeros': 0.82}
- {'darkness': 0.75}
- {'blurriness': 101.44}
- {'zeros': 0.78}
- {'blurriness': 115.06}
- {'contrast': 3.86}
- {'blurriness': 119.38}
- {'blurriness': 99.69}
- {'zeros': 0.61}
- {'darkness': 0.75}
- {'blurriness': 120.19}
- {'blurriness': 114.31}
- {'blurriness': 109.25}
- {'darkness': 0.75}
- {'blurriness': 94.38, 'contrast': 3.79}
- {'zeros': 1.89}
- {'blurriness': 110.81}
- {'contrast': 4.19}
- {'blurriness': 117.62}
- {'darkness': 0.8}
- {'blurriness': 96.81}
- {'contrast': 4.16}
- {'blurriness': 95.69}
- {'darkness': 0.73}
- {'blurriness': 104.94, 'zeros': 0.77}
- {'blurriness': 96.25}
- {'darkness': 0.91}
- {'contrast': 3.81}
- {'zeros': 4.89}
- {'contrast': 4.93, 'zeros': 1.26}
- {'blurriness': 120.19}
- {'darkness': 0.97}
- {'zeros': 0.44}
- {'blurriness': 119.62}
- {'blurriness': 96.06}
- {'darkness': 0.76}
- {'blurriness': 97.62}
- {'contrast': 4.91}
- {'darkness': 0.86}
- {'zeros': 0.81}
- {'blurriness': 98.12}
- {'darkness': 0.79}
- {'blurriness': 90.69, 'zeros': 0.44}
- {'zeros': 0.46}
- {'blurriness': 92.75}
- {'blurriness': 97.25}
- {'blurriness': 116.62}
- {'zeros': 3.01}
- {'blurriness': 103.12}
- {'zeros': 0.89}
- {'blurriness': 105.69}
- {'blurriness': 103.44}
- {'zeros': 0.44}
- {'darkness': 0.89}
- {'zeros': 0.46}
- {'zeros': 1.5}
- {'contrast': 4.5, 'zeros': 8.05}
- {'zeros': 3.75}
- {'blurriness': 92.88}
- {'zeros': 3.76}
- {'contrast': 9.02, 'zeros': 2.93}
- {'blurriness': 110.44}
- {'zeros': 0.74}
- {'blurriness': 115.44}
- {'blurriness': 115.12}
- {'blurriness': 120.19, 'zeros': 0.95}
- {'darkness': 0.75}
- {'blurriness': 111.38}
- {'zeros': 0.85}
- {'blurriness': 105.31}
- {'blurriness': 106.56}
- {'blurriness': 101.19}
- {'zeros': 15.43}
- {'blurriness': 93.31}
- {'darkness': 0.75}
- {'zeros': 1.41}
- {'zeros': 0.8}
- {'blurriness': 102.81}
- {'contrast': 4.69, 'zeros': 3.79}
- {'contrast': 4.02}
- {'zeros': 0.58}
- {'blurriness': 104.0}
- {'zeros': 1.91}
- {'blurriness': 118.56}
- {'zeros': 0.98}
- {'contrast': 4.04}
- {'blurriness': 104.81}
- {'blurriness': 100.5}
- {'blurriness': 92.0}
- {'contrast': 4.06}
- {'blurriness': 114.5}
- {'zeros': 0.92}
- {'blurriness': 110.19}
- {'contrast': 3.93}
- {'contrast': 8.0, 'zeros': 1.27}
- {'zeros': 2.38}
- {'blurriness': 92.12}
- {'zeros': 0.76}
- {'zeros': 0.53}
- {'zeros': 2.1}
- {'blurriness': 94.31}
- {'blurriness': 105.19}
- {'zeros': 1.0}
- {'darkness': 0.77}
- {'blurriness': 105.31}
- {'blurriness': 112.81}
- {'blurriness': 119.81}
- {'blurriness': 110.44}
- {'blurriness': 93.5}
- {'darkness': 0.79}
- {'blurriness': 93.19}
- {'blurriness': 99.19}
- {'blurriness': 96.19, 'contrast': 3.87}
- {'zeros': 0.81}
- {'contrast': 5.79}
- {'zeros': 1.19}
- {'zeros': 0.5}
- {'blurriness': 117.12}
- {'blurriness': 101.56}
- {'contrast': 6.04}
- {'blurriness': 105.25}
- {'blurriness': 114.62}
- {'zeros': 0.45}
- {'darkness': 0.75}
- {'contrast': 3.73}
- {'blurriness': 98.88}
- {'darkness': 1.0}
- {'zeros': 0.47}
- {'blurriness': 109.19}
- {'zeros': 1.33}
- {'zeros': 1.24}
- {'blurriness': 104.06}
- {'blurriness': 100.94}
- {'darkness': 0.82}
- {'blurriness': 95.62}
- {'darkness': 0.89}
- {'zeros': 0.78}
- {'blurriness': 105.44}
- {'contrast': 7.32, 'zeros': 15.32}
- {'blurriness': 98.94}
- {'darkness': 0.91}
- {'blurriness': 103.81}
- {'zeros': 0.6}
- {'zeros': 0.68}
- {'blurriness': 120.0}
- {'blurriness': 109.88}
- {'contrast': 4.42, 'zeros': 1.81}
- {'blurriness': 90.62}
- {'contrast': 6.36}
- {'blurriness': 101.12}
- {'contrast': 7.91, 'zeros': 1.99}
- {'blurriness': 99.38}
- {'contrast': 3.86}
- {'darkness': 0.77}
- {'zeros': 0.53}
- {'blurriness': 93.0}
- {'blurriness': 100.44}
- {'zeros': 0.46}
- {'blurriness': 103.44}
- {'blurriness': 99.62}
- {'darkness': 0.97}
- {'contrast': 3.96}
- {'blurriness': 109.44}
- {'blurriness': 105.81}
- {'blurriness': 91.0}
- {'blurriness': 91.25}
- {'zeros': 0.47}
- {'zeros': 0.45}
- {'blurriness': 97.5}
- {'contrast': 4.09, 'zeros': 3.45}
- {'blurriness': 110.88}
- {'contrast': 4.02}
- {'zeros': 1.15}
- {'zeros': 1.85}
- {'zeros': 0.53}
- {'zeros': 0.97}
- {'contrast': 4.36, 'zeros': 1.62}
- {'blurriness': 112.44}
- {'zeros': 0.82}
- {'contrast': 3.96}
- {'zeros': 1.12}
- {'blurriness': 114.31}
- {'zeros': 0.51}
- {'blurriness': 93.56}
- {'blurriness': 101.5}
- {'blurriness': 98.44}
- {'blurriness': 91.25}
- {'blurriness': 110.81}
- {'contrast': 4.28}
- {'darkness': 0.79}
- {'blurriness': 120.19}
- {'blurriness': 96.75}
- {'blurriness': 91.12}
- {'blurriness': 109.25}
- {'darkness': 0.81}
- {'blurriness': 100.12}
- {'blurriness': 108.38}
- {'blurriness': 90.94}
- {'zeros': 0.62}
- {'blurriness': 119.88}
- {'contrast': 6.3, 'zeros': 9.65}
- {'blurriness': 94.5}
- {'zeros': 0.74}
- {'blurriness': 96.81}
- {'zeros': 0.66}
- {'darkness': 0.94}
- {'zeros': 1.51}
- {'zeros': 0.68}
- {'darkness': 0.74}
- {'zeros': 4.43}
- {'contrast': 3.93, 'zeros': 2.32}
- {'zeros': 0.6}
- {'darkness': 0.78}
- {'contrast': 5.74}
- {'blurriness': 105.06}
- {'darkness': 0.96}
- {'blurriness': 107.75}
- {'blurriness': 107.69}
- {'blurriness': 96.94}
- {'contrast': 4.03, 'zeros': 0.72}
- {'blurriness': 105.44, 'zeros': 0.73}
- {'darkness': 0.77}
- {'contrast': 5.62}
- {'blurriness': 93.69, 'zeros': 1.09}
- {'blurriness': 117.44}
- {'darkness': 0.78}
- {'blurriness': 119.12}
- {'zeros': 1.11}
- {'darkness': 0.73}
- {'blurriness': 111.88}
- {'darkness': 0.91}
- {'contrast': 9.16}
- {'zeros': 0.64}
- {'darkness': 0.78}
- {'blurriness': 101.5}
- {'darkness': 0.85}
- {'blurriness': 103.75}
- {'blurriness': 120.19}
- {'zeros': 9.69}
- {'blurriness': 99.25}
- {'zeros': 2.23}
- {'blurriness': 99.06}
- {'contrast': 4.91}
- {'blurriness': 104.06}
- {'blurriness': 100.5}
- {'contrast': 4.42, 'zeros': 0.92}
- {'zeros': 0.44}
- {'zeros': 3.83}
- {'blurriness': 101.25}
- {'blurriness': 113.62}
- {'zeros': 1.17}
- {'zeros': 0.77}
- {'contrast': 5.01}
- {'blurriness': 92.94}
- {'blurriness': 92.0}
- {'blurriness': 120.19}
- {'darkness': 0.75}
- {'zeros': 0.48}
- {'blurriness': 119.12}
- {'blurriness': 100.94}
- {'zeros': 0.54}
- {'contrast': 4.5}
- {'darkness': 0.9}
- {'blurriness': 108.19}
- {'contrast': 4.78}
- {'blurriness': 110.69}
- {'blurriness': 119.31}
- {'zeros': 1.83}
- {'blurriness': 116.06}
- {'blurriness': 100.56}
- {'zeros': 0.7}
- {'zeros': 4.76}
- {'zeros': 0.7}
- {'zeros': 0.71}
- {'blurriness': 100.81}
- {'contrast': 4.22}
- {'zeros': 1.15}
- {'zeros': 0.96}
- {'zeros': 1.76}
- {'blurriness': 98.06}
- {'blurriness': 95.0}
- {'zeros': 0.59}
- {'blurriness': 117.75}
- {'contrast': 3.86}
- {'blurriness': 93.0}
- {'zeros': 1.72}
- {'zeros': 0.73}
- {'blurriness': 92.44}
- {'contrast': 4.34, 'zeros': 4.31}
- {'blurriness': 93.88}
- {'zeros': 7.5}
- {'blurriness': 113.31}
- {'contrast': 3.82}
- {'blurriness': 119.0}
- {'blurriness': 92.75}
- {'contrast': 4.51}
- {'contrast': 4.21}
- {'contrast': 3.76}
- {'zeros': 0.51}
- {'blurriness': 104.31}
- {'blurriness': 107.88}
- {'blurriness': 111.0}
- {'blurriness': 117.56}
- {'blurriness': 103.19}
- {'contrast': 4.64, 'zeros': 3.81}
- {'contrast': 4.23, 'zeros': 10.62}
- {'blurriness': 91.56}
- {'contrast': 4.14}
- {'zeros': 0.66}
- {'contrast': 3.94}
- {'zeros': 2.76}
- {'contrast': 3.75}
- {'contrast': 4.39}
- {'zeros': 1.02}
- {'blurriness': 98.75}
- {'zeros': 0.95}
- {'zeros': 0.49}
- {'darkness': 0.82}
- {'contrast': 5.26}
- {'zeros': 0.53}
- {'contrast': 4.68}
- {'zeros': 10.96}
- {'darkness': 0.9}
- {'darkness': 0.92}
- {'contrast': 4.21, 'zeros': 3.23}
- {'blurriness': 116.31}
- {'blurriness': 92.06}
- {'blurriness': 120.19}
- {'blurriness': 99.69}
- {'zeros': 0.67}
- {'contrast': 5.83}
- {'blurriness': 91.31}
- {'contrast': 4.12}
- {'blurriness': 92.5}
- {'contrast': 4.24}
- {'blurriness': 95.31}
- {'blurriness': 112.25, 'contrast': 3.97, 'zeros': 2.83}
- {'blurriness': 94.69}
- {'blurriness': 120.19}
- {'zeros': 3.67}
- {'blurriness': 104.81}
- {'zeros': 0.47}
- {'blurriness': 105.88}
- {'blurriness': 96.31}
- {'blurriness': 91.56}
- {'zeros': 1.76}
- {'zeros': 0.79}
- {'blurriness': 112.0}
- {'contrast': 4.95, 'zeros': 2.67}
- {'contrast': 4.86, 'zeros': 4.22}
- {'blurriness': 102.69}
- {'blurriness': 91.38}
- {'blurriness': 109.62}
- {'contrast': 4.02}
- {'blurriness': 98.19}
- {'zeros': 1.43}
- {'blurriness': 95.25}
- {'contrast': 6.08, 'zeros': 1.92}
- {'zeros': 1.44}
- {'darkness': 0.95}
- {'zeros': 0.58}
- {'zeros': 3.48}
- {'blurriness': 109.0}
- {'zeros': 1.02}
- {'blurriness': 102.81}
- {'blurriness': 91.62}
- {'blurriness': 103.25}
- {'contrast': 4.0}
- {'blurriness': 101.31}
- {'contrast': 4.31, 'zeros': 11.85}
- {'blurriness': 91.75}
- {'blurriness': 107.5}
- {'darkness': 0.73}
- {'darkness': 0.73}
- {'contrast': 4.82}
- {'contrast': 4.82}
- {'blurriness': 113.75}
- {'contrast': 3.76}
- {'zeros': 0.49}
- {'contrast': 4.29, 'zeros': 0.78}
- {'brightness': 0.04, 'contrast': 7.56, 'zeros': 1.58}
- {'blurriness': 111.88}
- {'contrast': 3.95}
- {'contrast': 4.08}
- {'darkness': 0.74}
- {'blurriness': 97.12}
- {'contrast': 4.14, 'zeros': 0.93}
- {'blurriness': 102.56}
- {'zeros': 3.25}
- {'darkness': 0.84}
- {'contrast': 4.35, 'zeros': 3.63}
- {'contrast': 3.91}
- {'darkness': 0.76}
- {'blurriness': 101.62}
- {'contrast': 3.89}
- {'darkness': 0.84}
- {'darkness': 0.83}
- {'contrast': 3.83, 'zeros': 7.61}
- {'blurriness': 105.5}
- {'contrast': 4.43}
- {'blurriness': 97.31}
- {'blurriness': 114.62, 'zeros': 1.34}
- {'blurriness': 90.81}
- {'contrast': 4.04, 'zeros': 2.94}
- {'blurriness': 119.56}
- {'contrast': 4.38}
- {'zeros': 0.89}
- {'blurriness': 97.75}
- {'contrast': 6.11, 'zeros': 8.04}
- {'contrast': 4.23}
- {'blurriness': 111.12}
- {'blurriness': 100.12}
- {'zeros': 0.7}
- {'blurriness': 102.44}
- {'contrast': 4.04}
- {'contrast': 3.98}
- {'zeros': 0.76}
- {'blurriness': 102.88}
- {'blurriness': 95.25}
- {'contrast': 5.17}
- {'blurriness': 113.88}
- {'zeros': 0.96}
- {'contrast': 3.8}
- {'blurriness': 114.88}
- {'blurriness': 112.31}
- {'contrast': 4.52, 'zeros': 8.09}
- {'blurriness': 95.19}
- {'contrast': 4.08}
- {'contrast': 4.11}
- {'blurriness': 101.94}
- {'zeros': 1.11}
- {'zeros': 0.67}
- {'blurriness': 95.75}
- {'blurriness': 110.38}
- {'contrast': 4.3, 'zeros': 1.39}
- {'zeros': 0.6}
- {'contrast': 9.15, 'zeros': 5.12}
- {'zeros': 2.5}
- {'blurriness': 101.12}
- {'contrast': 3.82}
- {'blurriness': 92.44}
- {'contrast': 3.87}
- {'blurriness': 110.25}
- {'blurriness': 102.31}
- {'zeros': 2.53}
- {'contrast': 4.55}
- {'blurriness': 110.88}
- {'darkness': 0.79}
- {'contrast': 4.02}
- {'darkness': 0.75}
- {'darkness': 0.77}
- {'blurriness': 109.69}
- {'blurriness': 109.0}
- {'darkness': 0.83}
- {'darkness': 0.73}
- {'blurriness': 98.5}
- {'blurriness': 90.69}
- {'contrast': 6.29}
- {'blurriness': 99.75}
- {'darkness': 0.78}
- {'contrast': 3.85}
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